Real-Life Security Breaches: Lessons Learned for Remote Workers

The rise of remote and hybrid work has redrawn the boundaries of cybersecurity. What started as a pandemic necessity has now become the norm — but so have the risks.

In 2025 alone, Marks & Spencer fell victim to a cyberattack during its hybrid work shift, while North Korean operatives infiltrated companies worldwide by posing as remote workers. These aren’t isolated incidents — they’re a glimpse into how the future of work is colliding with the future of cybercrime. Recent incidents reveal a sobering truth: hackers don’t need to breach your office walls anymore. They just need your remote access points.

This article explores several high-profile security breaches, how cybercriminals are exploiting remote work vulnerabilities, what these breaches teach us, and the practical steps employees can take to stay secure.

The Rise of Remote Work and the Increase in Security Vulnerabilities

Remote work has become a permanent fixture for many businesses worldwide, with approximately 74% of organizations planning to shift some employees to remote work permanently, according to a Gartner survey. However, this shift has come with a significant increase in security vulnerabilities.

Cybercriminals have exploited the widespread adoption of remote work by targeting employees who use personal devices, unsecured home networks, and potentially compromised remote access tools. 

According to a 2022 report by IBM, the average cost of a data breach rose by 12% to $4.24 million, with remote work being a key contributing factor.

Phishing attacks have skyrocketed, with Google blocking over 100 million phishing emails daily in 2020 alone. Ransomware attacks have also surged, with a 232% increase reported by SonicWall in 2021. The increased use of remote access solutions, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) and cloud services, has added to the complexity, introducing new vulnerabilities that cybercriminals are quick to exploit.

“It occurred due to one of our team members who clicked a phishing email unknowingly. That email was linked to someone quite trustworthy. In the process, there was some unauthorized access to some sensitive project files due to this breach, which really hampered our workflow and led to an undesired revelation of very confidential client information,” Alex Vasylenko, a tech entrepreneur and founder of The Frontend Company, told PureVPN.

The experience highlights the critical need for ongoing employee feedback, education and the implementation of robust email security measures to prevent such incidents in remote workspaces.

Read more: The Intersection of Cryptocurrency and Cybersecurity: What You Need to Know

Case Study 1: North Korean Remote-Worker Espionage in 2025

With remote hiring now a global norm, organizations are increasingly vulnerable to sophisticated impersonation tactics. Threat actors are exploiting digital-first recruitment processes and weak identity verification, turning the convenience of remote staffing into a serious security risk.

How It Happened:

The U.S. Department of Justice recently disclosed that over 300 companies — many in the tech and defense sectors — unwittingly hired individuals posing as remote IT staff, who were in fact North Korean spies. These operatives gained authorized access using stolen or fabricated identities, sometimes leveraging AI-generated deepfakes to pass interviews and assessments. Many operated via U.S.-based “laptop farms” to bypass geolocation checks.

Key Learning:

Insider threat vigilance: Remote hiring processes must include rigorous verification of identity and background—even for candidates who otherwise appear legitimate.

Behavioral analytics matter: Traditional perimeter security won’t catch insiders with credentials. Implement continuous monitoring and behavioral anomaly detection to flag unusual access patterns.

AI awareness: Threat actors are using AI tools to bypass security (e.g. deepfakes); organizations must be equipped with AI-aware defenses.

Case Study 2: Marks & Spencer (M&S) Cyberattack in 2025

As businesses adopt hybrid models, their IT environments are becoming more complex and difficult to secure. Traditional safeguards often fail to scale with distributed workforces, leaving critical systems exposed to opportunistic cybercriminals.

What Happened:

In April 2025, Marks & Spencer (M&S) suffered a major cyberattack that disrupted payments and online orders, forcing remote staff to lose access to internal IT systems and halting click-and-collect services. The attack resulted in an estimated £570 million drop in the company’s market value. Reports had previously warned that the shift to hybrid working amplified M&S’s cybersecurity exposure.

Key Learnings:

• Hybrid work models expand the attack surface and demand stronger defenses.
• Risk forecasting must be paired with actionable improvements, not just reports.
• Remote-specific incident response plans are essential for resilience during crises.

Case Study 3: AT&T Data Breach in 2024

The AT&T data breach of 2024 is a significant example of how remote work vulnerabilities can expose sensitive information. 

In this case, millions of current and former customer’s sensitive details like phone records were compromised. The breach highlighted vulnerabilities in remote work environments and how unsecured cloud storage can have widespread consequences. 

Although names and payment information were not included, the stolen data could be used to impersonate individuals and carry out social engineering attacks, a key threat in remote work environments where digital communication is frequent.

How It Happened:

The breach occurred due to vulnerabilities in AT&T’s third-party cloud storage provider, Snowflake. Between May 2022 and January 2023, hackers exploited these weaknesses, gaining access to sensitive data like call logs, text records, and location details. 

The breach affected not only AT&T customers but also those who communicated with them, creating a cascading risk of exposure. The absence of multi-factor authentication (MFA) and inadequate cloud security configurations were key enablers of this breach.

Key Learning:

This breach highlights third-party cloud risks where companies must thoroughly vet them to ensure that strong security measures, such as data encryption and strict access controls, are in place. Regular audits of cloud configurations are necessary to close potential security gaps.

The breach emphasizes the need to minimize data collection and secure communication channels in remote work environments. End-to-end encryption for communications can prevent sensitive information from being intercepted. Additionally, implementing a secure remote desktop for SysAdmins is crucial for maintaining the integrity of system management tasks, allowing administrators to perform critical updates and monitor systems securely from any location.

Organizations should implement real-time monitoring and proactive incident response plans to quickly detect and respond to potential breaches, especially in cloud environments.

Anthony Dutcher, a digital marketing expert from Denver, Colorado,
shared his personal experience with PureVPN, highlighting the human impact
of such breaches, “During my tenure at Veriheal where I oversaw a global
team of 100, we faced a security breach that exposed the vulnerabilities
inherent in a remote work environment. Despite our rigorous protocols,
a phishing attack targeted one of our remote employees, compromising
sensitive data and disrupting our operations. This experience was a stark
reminder of the human impact of cyberattacks. The breach not only
affected our business but also took an emotional toll on the team.”

Dutcher’s experience underscores the importance of not only implementing technical safeguards but also considering the human element in cybersecurity strategies.

Case Study 4: Ticketmaster Data Breach in 2024

In May 2024, Ticketmaster suffered a significant data breach, exposing the personal information of over 560 million customers. The breach, carried out by the infamous ShinyHunters group, resulted in the theft of 1.3 terabytes of sensitive data, including names, email addresses, and partial payment details. 

This incident serves as a stark reminder of the vulnerabilities in digital ecosystems, especially when third-party service providers are involved.

How It Happened:

The breach occurred when attackers exploited compromised credentials for Ticketmaster’s Snowflake accounts, which were obtained through a remote access trojan installed on an EPAM Systems employee’s device. 

EPAM Systems, a third-party vendor, had access to the cloud infrastructure used by Ticketmaster. Shockingly, the compromised accounts were not secured with multi-factor authentication, enabling the hackers to exfiltrate the data easily. Once inside, the ShinyHunters group listed the stolen information for sale on the dark web, demanding $500,000 for the data.

Key Learning:

The lack of MFA was a crucial failure point in the Ticketmaster breach. MFA must be mandatory for any remote or cloud-based access, as it adds an essential layer of security. The breach emphasizes the importance of carefully managing third-party access. Vendors like EPAM Systems, in this case, should be subject to the same stringent security measures and regular audits as internal teams to prevent weak links in the security chain. Continuous monitoring and advanced threat detection, such as Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) tools, are critical in identifying compromised accounts and stopping lateral movement by attackers.

Proper configuration of cloud environments, including encrypted credentials and access control, is necessary to protect sensitive customer data. Ensuring that employees are well-versed in these practices can mitigate risks from human error.

Case Study 5: Bank of America Data Breach in 2023

In November 2023, a data breach at one of Bank of America’s third-party service providers, Infosys McCamish Systems (IMS), compromised the personal data of over 57,000 customers. 

This incident highlighted the critical risks associated with third-party vendors and supply chain vulnerabilities, particularly as ransomware attacks continue to rise. LockBit, a notorious ransomware group, claimed responsibility for the breach, which exposed sensitive customer data, including Social Security numbers and account details.

As organizations look to prevent such breaches, many are turning to supply chain management software to gain better visibility, monitor vendor risk, and strengthen cybersecurity across the supply chain. Exploring the right tools is an important step in minimizing exposure, especially for businesses handling sensitive customer data, as seen in the LockBit-led breach that compromised Social Security numbers and account details.

How It Happened:

The breach occurred when LockBit ransomware actors exploited vulnerabilities in IMS, a subsidiary of Infosys that provides insurance process management services. Hackers gained unauthorized access to IMS systems, encrypting over 2,000 systems and exposing personal information such as customer names, dates of birth, Social Security numbers, and account information. 

Although Bank of America’s systems were not directly targeted, the data breach affected thousands of its customers due to IMS’s role in managing deferred compensation plans.

LockBit demanded ransom for the stolen data, threatening to leak it on the dark web. While it remains unclear if the ransom was paid, IMS quickly engaged a third-party forensic firm to contain the incident, rebuild systems, and strengthen its security posture.

Key Learning:

This breach underscores the importance of thoroughly vetting third-party vendors and ensuring they adhere to strict cybersecurity standards. Organizations should regularly audit the security practices of all service providers and demand clear documentation of security measures, such as software bills of materials (SBOM).

The incident also demonstrates the growing threat of ransomware targeting supply chains. Companies should implement proactive measures like continuous monitoring and patching of vulnerabilities. Early detection of weaknesses can mitigate the impact of these attacks.

Organizations should have a robust incident response plan, which includes timely communication with affected customers and offering protective measures like credit monitoring services. In this case, Bank of America provided two years of identity theft protection to the impacted customers.

Case Study 6: 23andMe Data Breach in 2023

In 2023, 23andMe, a prominent DNA testing company, faced a significant data breach that compromised the personal information of approximately 6.4 million customers. 

The breach, characterized as a credential-stuffing attack, allowed hackers to access sensitive genetic and health data by exploiting stolen login credentials. Following the breach, 23andMe has agreed to a $30 million settlement to resolve lawsuits related to the incident, which is currently awaiting judicial approval. The settlement aims not only to compensate affected users but also to enhance the company’s security protocols to prevent future breaches.

How It Happened:

The breach occurred between April and September 2023 when hackers executed a credential stuffing attack – taking advantage of usernames and passwords that had been leaked from other breaches. 

Once inside, the attackers accessed customer profiles, including personal details such as raw genotype data and health information along with compromising information associated with DNA Relatives feature. In October 2023, the hackers publicly claimed possession of 23andMe user data, which was later corroborated by the company, revealing that around 7 million accounts had been impacted.

Upon discovering the breach, 23andMe took immediate actions such as requiring users to reset their passwords and implementing mandatory two-factor authentication. Despite these measures, sensitive profiles were found circulating on dark web forums. 

The breach drew scrutiny not only from customers but also from privacy regulators in the U.K. and Canada, leading to ongoing investigations into the adequacy of 23andMe’s data protection measures and response strategies.

Key Learning:

The 23andMe breach underscores the importance of implementing strong security measures, such as two-factor authentication and regular security audits, to protect sensitive data from cyber threats. Organizations must also emphasize the necessity of unique, strong passwords and educate users about the risks associated with reusing credentials across multiple platforms.

The incident highlights the need for companies to have effective incident response plans and to communicate promptly with users and regulatory bodies when breaches occur.

The financial repercussions of data breaches can be substantial, as seen with the $30 million settlement. The investigations by privacy watchdogs illustrate the increasing scrutiny that companies handling sensitive personal information will face, necessitating compliance with stringent data protection regulations.

Case Study 7: Fidelity National Financial Data Breach in 2023

In November 2023, Fidelity National Financial (FNF), a leading firm in the real estate industry, experienced a major cyberattack, which severely disrupted operations and compromised the personal data of approximately 1.3 million customers. 

The breach, believed to have been initiated through a phishing attack, exposed sensitive information such as Social Security numbers and financial details. FNF responded by implementing credit monitoring and identity theft protection services for affected customers. The breach highlights the vulnerability of critical industries to cyberattacks and the need for robust security measures.

How It Happened:

The FNF data breach was reportedly caused by a sophisticated phishing campaign. Employees received deceptive emails that appeared legitimate, which led to the installation of malware on company devices. This gave attackers unauthorized access to sensitive systems, targeting high-value customer data rather than spreading automatically across the network.

On November 21, 2023, FNF publicly disclosed the cybersecurity incident, which effectively froze the company’s operations for a week. Buyers, sellers, and mortgage holders were left in limbo, unable to access services or communicate with the company. It was later revealed that the ransomware group ALPHV, also known as BlackCat, was behind the attack. They listed FNF on their dark web leak site, likely pressuring the company into paying a ransom to restore operations. On November 26, FNF announced that the attack had been contained, though it remained unclear whether a ransom was paid.

Key Learning:

The breach highlights the ongoing risk of phishing attacks, even for large organizations like FNF. Continuous employee training to identify and report phishing attempts is essential in minimizing this threat.

The involvement of the ALPHV ransomware group underscores the increasing prevalence of ransomware attacks. Organizations must develop contingency plans to recover from such incidents without needing to negotiate with attackers.

The week-long disruption in FNF’s services serves as a reminder that cyberattacks can have serious operational consequences, affecting not only a company’s internal functions but also its customers and partners.

FNF’s delayed communication left many customers in confusion, emphasizing the need for clear, timely communication during crises. Keeping customers informed helps maintain trust and reduce uncertainty during recovery efforts.

This breach demonstrates the critical need for cybersecurity preparedness, particularly for companies managing sensitive financial and personal data. FNF’s recovery efforts, including credit monitoring for affected individuals, reflect the industry’s growing awareness of these threats and the importance of proactive security measures.

Lessons Learned from Real-Life Security Breaches

These case studies underscore several critical lessons for remote workers and organizations:

1. Secure Remote Access: Ensure all remote access points, including those used for payroll outsourcing, are protected with strong authentication methods like MFA and biometric verification.
2. Employee Training and Awareness: Human error remains a significant vulnerability. Conduct regular training sessions to help employees identify phishing attempts, social engineering tactics, and other common threats.
3. Cloud Security Best Practices: Adopt robust cloud security practices, including data encryption, access control, and regular security audits. Ensure employees working remotely are aware of the risks and have the tools necessary to protect sensitive data.
4. Strong Communication Security: Use secure communication tools that offer end-to-end encryption, and educate employees on safe practices, like setting strong passwords and using unique meeting IDs for virtual meetings.
5. Continuous Monitoring and Incident Response: Implement advanced monitoring solutions like EDR and SOAR tools to quickly detect and respond to potential threats. Regularly update all security protocols to adapt to new attack methods.
   

Practical Advice for Remote Workers to Enhance Security

Sead Fadilpašić, a cybersecurity consultant and writer at Restore Privacy, told PureVPN, “Securing remote access points and implementing zero-trust architectures can help you to reduce risks by ensuring that every connection, whether internal or external, is verified before granting access.”

It underscores the need for a paradigm shift in how organizations approach security in remote work environments. Remote workers can take several proactive steps to enhance their security posture:

• Use a Secure VPN: Always use a reputable VPN, such as PureVPN, to encrypt internet traffic and protect against data interception. Recently, PureVPN has launched PureVPN for Teams that allows businesses to easily secure their networks, data and other repositories. It comes with a centralized dashboard that enables administrators to onboard and offboard up to 200 members, provision Dedicated IPs and Team Server and ensure secure remote access to shared resources.
• Implement Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): Enable MFA for all accounts to add an additional layer of security.
• Adopt Strong Password Practices: Use complex, unique passwords for all accounts, and consider using a password manager to store them securely.
• Secure Home Networks: Change default router passwords, enable encryption, and regularly update firmware to protect against unauthorized access.
• Regular Software Updates: Keep all devices and software up to date with the latest security patches.
• Use Secure Communication Tools: Choose platforms that provide end-to-end encryption for all sensitive communications.
• Backup Critical Data: Regularly backup data to secure, offline locations to prevent loss in case of ransomware attacks.

Read more: How PureVPN for Teams Ensures Safer Connectivity for Your Remote Teams

Future Trends in Remote Work Security

The future of remote work security will likely involve a greater focus on advanced technologies and practices to combat emerging threats. 

Christian Espinosa, founder and CEO of Blue Goat Cyber and a
leading medical device cybersecurity expert, told PureVPN,
“Looking ahead, the future of remote work security will likely
involve a greater emphasis on endpoint detection and response (EDR)
solutions, cloud-based security services, and AI-powered threat
intelligence platforms. Organizations should also consider adopting
security orchestration, automation, and response (SOAR) tools to
streamline incident response processes.”

It highlights the need for organizations to stay ahead of evolving threats by leveraging advanced technologies and automated solutions. Some of the major trends in remote work security may include:

• Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) Solutions: EDR tools help detect and respond to threats at the endpoint level, providing organizations with greater visibility into remote devices.
• Cloud-Based Security Services: With remote work heavily reliant on cloud platforms, cloud-based security services will play a vital role in securing data and applications.
• AI-Powered Threat Intelligence Platforms: Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) will become essential for identifying new threat patterns, automating responses, and predicting potential vulnerabilities before they are exploited. Organizations will increasingly rely on AI-powered solutions to monitor large volumes of data and detect anomalies that could indicate a breach.
• Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA): The concept of “never trust, always verify” is at the heart of Zero Trust. This model assumes that every user, device, or application is a potential threat and requires continuous verification of all access requests. As remote work persists, organizations will adopt zero-trust strategies to minimize the risk of insider threats and compromised credentials.
• Security Awareness and Training Programs: Continuous employee education will remain a cornerstone of remote work security. Organizations will increasingly invest in regular security training, phishing simulations, and real-time threat alerts to keep employees aware of the latest risks and tactics used by cybercriminals.

Read more: AI Applications Are Your Coworker Now, But Can You Trust Them?

Conclusion

The shift to remote work has brought many benefits but has also created new challenges for cybersecurity. The high-profile breaches discussed in this article highlight the critical need for organizations and remote workers to remain vigilant and proactive in securing their digital environments. 

By understanding the tactics used by attackers, implementing strong security practices, and fostering a culture of continuous learning and awareness, both businesses and employees can mitigate the risks associated with remote work.

Organizations should prioritize a holistic approach to cybersecurity, integrating advanced technologies, strict policies, and regular training to safeguard against evolving threats. As remote work continues to grow, so too must the commitment to maintaining a robust and adaptive security posture.

“Staying ahead of remote work threats means investing in defense.
Monitoring data helps detect threats early. Restricting access or tools,
though inconvenient, is often safest. The remote revolution demands
innovation to match new attacks. With the right human-AI balance,
organizations can empower remote work without compromising
security,” Louis Balla, a partner at Nuage specializing in ERP solutions,
shared his thoughts with PureVPN on balancing security
and innovation in remote work. 

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